realtek 2.5gbe port issue

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Moogle Stiltzkin
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realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

https://forum-en.msi.com/index.php?thre ... 23/page-21


there's a lot of reports by many regardless of motherboard brand, but what they all have in common is that they used the realtek 2.5gbe port. the issue is it seems to have random reset which can bring down your internet and network access.

this can get really annoying and quite problematic.


You can get your driver update here
https://www.realtek.com/en/component/zo ... s-software

or from your motherboard download page

I tried both and neither solved this issue. and looking online, seems this has been a known issue for a couple of years (amazingly no new driver update has fixed this issue since then :S )

so if you are like me and plan to use 2.5gbe, just be aware of this issue.


I'm aware that some motherboards are using intel 2.5gbe ports however i think they too are affected by a similar issue
https://www.reddit.com/r/ASUS/comments/ ... _25gb_nic/



does anyone have a solution :( ? i know it's not directly a qnap issue, but assuming most users would probly be getting a 2.5gbe motherboard, then you'd probly run into this problem, so was wondering knew any sort of fix that i was not aware of.

so anyway if u notice your ethernet disconnects (usually you'd notice your internet or lan connection dropped before u figure out it was something to do with your ethernet port), it's not just u having some unique issue. seems it's a known problem. but i have no idea why it remains unfixed until years now. my motherboard is a brand new model just released in q4 2021 too :S
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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

i noticed even intel 2.5gbe got a mention on reliability issues. so it wasn't just realtek having this issue apparently for 2.5gbe
https://www.reddit.com/r/intel/comments ... tel_i225v/

the qnap 2.5gbe addon i bought recently but i haven't had a chance to try yet so i don't know for sure. maybe the revision the qnap uses is without issue, i haven't heard anyone saying anything bad about this addon.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDPAG0QB6uM

Question:What Chipset?

Answer:?? From the description: "Controller: Intel Ethernet Controller I225-LM". It's not the buggy v1 revision, by the way.
By Peter F. on May 10, 2021
sauce
https://www.amazon.com/QNAP-QXG-2G1T-I2 ... B08FB83C1H

it just worries me, upon attempting to delve into 2.5gbe now there all sorts of stories about reliability issues for 2.5gbe ethernet ports by intel and realtek. seems the qnap addon should be fine, but how can asus and other brands release a motherboard using a part with a known issue? w-tf :/ how is the ethernet port resetting/disconnect randomly and on frequent basis considered acceptable? i even bought what is considered midrange motherboard so how can things be this bad :roll:

sure i could use the other 1gbe intel port and probly get a reliable connection, but how then am i suppose to use 2.5gbe without using that other port? :(

at this rate i'd probly have to buy another of the qnap addon card just to use 2.5gbe, because the one on the motherboard is bad :x

so anyone else planning to go 2.5gbe thinking just cauz ur motherboard has 2.5gbe, plz check it doesn't have this sort of issue before u buy it :(
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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

noticed an update for realtek 2.5gbe driver for my motherboard

2022/09/13 26.86 MBytes
Realtek RTL8125 LAN driver V1125.9.614.2022 For Windows 11 64-bit.


updated and it went back to default settings. testing out whether is stable or if i have to change some settings to test those instead.

last time with some of these previous versions, it was so bad that the nic kept disconnecting randomly and quite often to the point of unusability. also i need to test if i can hit those 250+ MB/s between desktop pc and qnap ts-877


performance test i don't always get a consistent 250+ but it is definitely above 120-160 more often than not, and sometimes 200-270 ish.

copy from ts-877 (raid5 4x 4tb seagate ironwolf) to desktop pc (seagate ironwolf 4tb single drive) seem to have expected results
Image

results when i copy from desktop (seagate ironwolf 4tb) to ts-877 don't seem as consistent. can hit 200+ but more often it's between 120-160 for some reason
Image


repeated the test copy from desktop (this time from crucial 2tb m.2 nvme SSD gen4) to ts-877. results also roughly like the other
Image


better than 120 MB/s on average but when i compare the results to other reviewers, they seem able to get consistent speeds in both directions. Mines fine in only one direction.

In another test when doing rsync, i have no problem getting 250+ in both directions between 2 qnaps.


for stability test for these realtek drivers will report if there any issues. setting on desktop nic are defaults. the only thing i changed was set EEE MAX speed support 2.5gbe. Everything else i left as is. checked that speed & duplex is 2.5gbe


this though may have a clue as to how to fix this problem :'
https://www.reddit.com/r/unRAID/comment ... t_not_the/
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1394554 ... 5gb-s-20-0


useful 2.5gbe settings guides

https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/ ... =727946014
https://www.speedguide.net/articles/net ... ation-3449
https://techgenix.com/advanced-network- ... -settings/
https://superuser.com/questions/248937/ ... twork-card
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-best ... Windows-10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNtqzfHBKys
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFxjYeCcxyc
https://kb.netgear.com/25091/Guidance-o ... mbo-frames



*update

iperf test checked out fine both ways.

also ran this other test also looked fine
Image

did some minor setting changes based on the guides above. one of the settings i changed was the transmit to 4096, but left the receive at the default 512

still can't get a consistent 250+ in one direction but seems to be a minor improvement :' out of ideas what is going on.
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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

not sure if this is the cause, but it's a very impressive troubleshoot nevertheless worth lookin at
halfabit-

Could this be a flow control issue?

I found several write-ups online concerning 2.5G to 1G connection and people had success with enabling flow control on the port.

This was a good write-up: http://www.gameandtechfocus.com/wifi-cl ... hroughput/

https://blog.mikeswanson.com/post/66100 ... he-udm-pro
flow control is the process of managing the rate of data transmission between two nodes to prevent a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver. It provides a mechanism for the receiver to control the transmission speed, so that the receiving node is not overwhelmed with data from transmitting node.
Assessment/Diagnosis
Network interface mismatch

Interface mismatch issue
Without a knowledge about this potential, this is a very tricky one to figure out and may even be extremely frustrating issue because those who encounter this issue are usually ones who had spent more time, effort and perhaps money to construct higher bandwidth network. Throughput suffers when there is significant mismatch with high rate sender to lower rate receiver.

Throughput suffers when there is significant mismatch with high rate sender to lower rate receiver

One fact about network data transfer is network interface card is designed to operate in either “on” or “off” mode. When it is “on” the rate of data transfer is based on the line rate (ref).

This binary operation means that a smooth “average” speed is never possible, and as such devices in the path must be ready to accept the line rate burst of data, or risk dropping some due to a lack of buffer space. The speed mismatch happens when there is a lack of available network buffering to handle the influx of data and drop packet […]

https://fasterdata.es.net/performance-t ... -mismatch/
Last edited by Moogle Stiltzkin on Mon Sep 26, 2022 6:05 pm, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Barungar »

One thing to consider. NAS to PC is read access for your RAID which obviously can sustain 2.5 GBit/s. But PC to NAS is write access to your RAID and perhaps your RAID isn't that fast in writing?! The average of 138MB/s is well above 1 GBit/s... so the network might not be the bottle neck.
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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

Barungar wrote: Mon Sep 26, 2022 5:53 pm One thing to consider. NAS to PC is read access for your RAID which obviously can sustain 2.5 GBit/s. But PC to NAS is write access to your RAID and perhaps your RAID isn't that fast in writing?! The average of 138MB/s is well above 1 GBit/s... so the network might not be the bottle neck.
i did more testing, seems to be ok now. not sure if results will differ yet again, but i checked a few times recently, now it seems to be more stable.

this is for upload from desktop pc to ts-877
Image

see, it doesn't zig zag too deeply like before.

i don't know what exactly fixed it from before, but here are my current settings for this result


windows 11 pro - 22000.1098 build

realtek 2.5gbe driver version 1125.9.614.2022 (can't remember if i got these from the asus forum, the realtek official driver site, or my motherboard drivers page. i probably last got these from my motherboard drivers page since i saw they updated it to the latest. But the one you should most definitely not use is the windows default drivers, those are reported to be rubbish for the network drivers if not mistaken)

realtek nic advanced settings
advanced EEE- disabled
arp offload - enabled
EEE max support speed - 2.5Gbps full duplex
energy efficient ethernet - disabled
flow control - rx & tx enabled
gigabit lite - disabled
green ethernet - disabled
interupt moderation - enabled
ipv4 checksum offload - rx & tx enabled
jumbo frame - disabled
large send offload v2 (ipv4) - enabled
large send offload v2 (ipv6) - enabled
ns offload - enabled
power saving mode - disabled
priority & vlan - priority & vlan enabled
receive buffers - 512
shutdown wake on lan - enabled
speed and duplex - 2.5Gbps full duplex
tcp checksum offload ipv4 - enabled
tcp checksum offload ipv4 - disabled
transmit buffers - 4096
udp checksum offload ipv4 - enabled
udp checksum offload ipv6 - enabled
wake on magic packet - disabled
wake on pattern match - disabled
wol & shutdown link speed - not speed down

*power management
allow the computer to turn off this device to save power - disabled
default for transmit buffers were 512 originally. according to youtuber changing this to be higher may help. but i'm not sure if this is related to jumbo frames settings, whether i also have to adjust all other devices to enable jumbo frames or not? i didn't do any of that, i just merely adjusted this setting since it was was a recommendation (nothing else was elaborated on this setting) :S

other things suggested were disabling some off the offloads, but i didn't touch those.

flow control tried with disabled, but ended up leaving it enabled, seems to be a bit more stable than before.

all the energy savings disabled.

remote features like magic packets etc disabled, since i don't use any of that stuff. in fact it's probably a good idea to disable the windows 11 remote assistance as well, just in case (especially if you aren't using it)
https://www.techbout.com/disable-remote ... ows-43766/

and i also upgraded my server rack by adding a rack shelf, and relocating the 2.5gbe switch on it, so now it has more airflow so it has less chance of overheating due to stacking it ontop of other hot devices.


anyway one or some of these tweaks seemed to have done the trick. hope it helps someone else with their troubleshoot :)

But PC to NAS is write access to your RAID and perhaps your RAID isn't that fast in writing?!
i did mix match some wd reds with seagate ironwolf drives. to my understanding, wouldn't the rpm adjust to the lower rpm drives? so maybe that could be a factor? not sure. but based on results i'm still able to get 2.5gbe or close to it now in both directions :D
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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

*just an update
TP-Link TL-SH1008 Auto-negotiation Quirks
The 2.5GbE capable devices we used with the TL-SH1008 worked well at 2.5GbE speeds. We did, however, see challenges with the Intel X550 NIC onboard the ASUS Pro WS WRX80E-SAGE SE WiFi. The Intel X550 works at 1GbE, 2.5GbE, 5GbE, and 10GbE speeds and we have not seen many issues previously with this NIC.

When attached to the TL-SH1008, we saw something different. The NIC would go through 2.5Gbps and 1Gbps speeds but never properly negotiate. We could force the NIC to 2.5GbE speeds, but this was not ideal. It is 2022, and we expect devices to auto-negotiate properly. We also tried this with a PCIe-based X550-T2 and saw similar issues.

Image

Again, with the i225 B3 stepping NICs and the Realtek 2.5GbE NICs, we did not see this issue, but it was noticeable on the 10Gbase-T parts.
https://www.servethehome.com/cheapest-2 ... -review/2/

i use a different switch than the quote above. also i don't know what nic my switch uses, but i do know my motherboard uses realtek 2.5gbe.

anyway just wanted to point out since the experts also found quirks like auto negotiation not quite working, and also on reddit. i believe i too had this issue. in the end i opted for setting the nic to 2.5gbe rather than to auto negotiate, cause i suspected maybe why it was so eratic in performing like 2.5gbe one moment, but 1gbe the next was probably due to this.

i didn't do this test after the few driver updates, so i don't know if this was a possible driver fix or not, or if it's a hardware issue.

like my previous post, i resolved my issue. just wanted to post this as a possible troubleshoot for others in case they notice their 2.5gbe acting up like mine did before.



also found the specifics for why setting it as fixed 2.5gbe rather than auto negotiate might not be so ideal. but if u have no choice than it's better than not doing so i found out in my own situation :' and i didn't quite notice any noticeable issues afaik.
Symptoms
Manually configured network cards or switch ports can cause throughput issues.
When configuring systems and switch ports, the optimal setting is for both the system and switch port to be set for auto-negotiation. Manually configured ports and network cards may not communicate effectively.

Cause
If a gigabit network card is manually set to 1000Mbps, then there should be no issue as long as the system is connected to a gigabit-capable switch. However, if the system is connected or moved to a switch that is 10/100Mbps, the system fails to connect.

If a system is configured for 100Mbps/full duplex and the switch is set to auto-negotiation, then the system only advertises that it is set to 100Mbps/half duplex. This causes the switch to incorrectly negotiate a half-duplex connection with the system. This causes low throughput and multiple packet collisions. If the system is changed to a half-duplex connection, then the switch negotiates the correct connection and there should be no issues, but the full available throughput of the connection is not used. The same is true if the system is set to 10Mbps/full duplex or the switch and system configurations are swapped.

Resolution
To avoid throughput issues, configure the switch and the system for auto-negotiation
https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-s ... cle-313636

Should network hardware be set to “autonegotiate” speeds or fixed speeds?
Sigkill-
Dec 2nd, 2012

It mainly depends on your hardware.... Most switches are plenty capable of auto-negotiating the speed and duplex to the computer/server on the other end. It's typically on a network device to network device situation where you sometimes need to specify the speed/duplex. For example, an ISP usually has speed/duplex settings statically set and requires you to set the same setting on your router. Also, there can be issues when you connect switches together with a cross over cable, which require you to manually set the speed/duplex settings.
A-Spice
Dec 2nd, 2012,

For servers it's not horribly common, but not un-heard of. Usually you leave at Auto unless you have a problem. It sounds like you are having a problem.

When i have ran into auto-negotiation issues between Server/Switch generally the switch has been the one at fault, and needed to be replaced in the near future. The auto-negotiation change usually is just a band-aid.

If you have the option, try moving one of the servers to another switch and see if that makes a difference, or set the negotiation speed static. (the downside to negotiation speed static is that if you have it set to 10/100 and you plugin a gigabit switch you may not remember to update the server)
Adam Edwards,
Dec 3rd, 2012 at 8:24 P

As a general rule, auto - auto works well if both switch and client use this.

If one side uses auto and the other is specified, the result can be slower network capacity than you'd expect.
Just last week I was working with a customer experiencing poor performance with an ERP application. A 50Mbps connection resulted from a network interface that was set to 100/Full duplex and a server that was auto/auto.

We still see a lot of speed/duplex mismatches on LANs as well as between customers' LANs and the interface to WAN provider equipment.

-Adam
JustSayin,
Dec 3rd, 2012 at 9:35 PM

Simple answer, autonegotiate is fine in almost all situations. If it does not work, then sure, feel free to set the switch ports AND the NICs to a set speed. Just make sure it is the same speed.

If I was going to fix the issue you described the first thing I would do is research the motherboards, NICs and switches involved. Make sure they are all running the latest recommended BIOS, Firmware and or drivers from the manufacturer. If not, update them all and see if the problem goes way. You probably already thought of this one.

If that did not fix it I would start by checking all the logs I could get my hands on. See if the server has an app that is going crazy and somehow locking up the NIC.

Good Luck, let us know how it goes.

Sergey4856,
Dec 4th, 2012

you can use auto for access level but if switch doesn't set automatically full duplex with client on interface better set it hardware to full duplex. For trunks , voip, servers better use hardware full duplex.
https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/ ... xed-speeds
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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

more 2.5gbe issue news

one for intel (doesn't seem realtek was affected by this issue)
https://www.techspot.com/community/topi ... ds.278803/

and another regarding windows 11 smb bug
https://www.windowscentral.com/software ... y-up-to-40


also i noticed that the realtek 2.5gbe drivers for my mobo was reverted back to an earlier version. i could't find any info why that was but it can't be good, so i also downgraded to be safe :X


if u plan to get a 2.5gbe device, best check if that brand and revision nic has issues or not. I was hoping by 2023 we would be beyond this, but guess there are still issues persisting :S
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[^] QNAP TL-D400S 2x 4TB WD Red Nas (WD40EFRX) 2x 4TB Seagate Ironwolf, Raid5
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[Mobile NAS] TBS-453DX w. 2x Crucial MX500 500gb EXT4 raid1

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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

Intel Releases Workaround Patch For Stuttering Ethernet Issues

Intel recently released a temporary patch for an issue that is affecting motherboards using its i226-V 2.5Gbps Ethernet controllers. The issue, which first came to light in reports going back to January this year, seemingly causes Intel motherboards fitted with said controller to suffer from intermittent disconnections while using the LAN port.

It should also be noted that if you’re connected to the internet via the onboard Wi-Fi of the affected motherboard, you won’t actually run into this particular disconnection issue, as it is mercifully limited to the Intel i226-V controller. In any case, the patch basically turns off the controller’s Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) Mode, seeing as how the issue seemed connected to a sort of energy-saving functionality within the driver.

Prior to the release of the temporary patch, workaround suggestions for the intermittent disconnection issue included reducing the i226-V controller’s maximum transfer rate to just 1Gbps. Needless to say, most folks just weren’t having it and we can’t say that we blame them. After all, no one wants to actively gimp their internet speeds, never mind on a hardware level.

To date, MSI has so far been the first company to release an updated i226-V driver for its affected Z790 motherboards, including the MPG Z790 Carbon WIFI. However, as pointed out by Tom’s Hardware, the download file doesn’t actually include release notes and it is unclear if the “patch” is the same as the one released by Intel.


https://www.lowyat.net/2023/295361/inte ... et-issues/


i had a very similar issue happen to me but for the realtek 2.5gbe nic. but updating to a newer driver fixed this. so i assume it's something similarly being done for intel as well? :'

So if you are experiencing ethernet drops out randomly, it might not be your imagination. It could possibly be a faulty nic, or bad driver (don't use the default windows driver. also make sure you download latest driver and also check on reddit or elsewhere what others say is the stable driver to be using for your nic).
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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

more 2.5gbe discussions
https://www.reddit.com/r/hardware/comme ... oards_has/


RTL8156BG seems to be the latest revision for realtek's 2.5gbe nics.

this adapter seems to be using it
https://www.juplink.com/products/2-5g-u ... rk-adapter


for intel, I226-V is their latest revision. but even their latest is not out of the woods in regards to 2.5gbe issues. check reddit or other sources online on the subject.


point is, going into 2023 2.5gbe nics are still on shaky grounds :X people still wondering which revision they have, what to get and which drivers to use.

but what is certain is, don't use the windows drivers. get them instead from the nic brand site, or from the motherboard support page only.
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Re: realtek 2.5gbe port issue

Post by Moogle Stiltzkin »

https://www.reddit.com/r/qnap/comments/ ... ver_25gbe/

Microsoft is Investigating Slow Copying Speeds on Windows 11 Version 22H2
If you’ve noticed that copying large files locally or from a remote computer via SMB is slower than usual on Windows 11 version 11 22H2, you’re not alone. Microsoft is currently investigating slower SMB read performance for large files in Windows 11 version 22H2, as well as slower speeds for local copies.

A large (multi-GB file) might see as much as 40% less throughput over SMB when copying down (reading),” explained Ned Pyle, Principal Program Manager in the Windows Server engineering group. However, the Microsoft employee added that “the issue is not actually in SMB code,” though SMB is just the most likely scenario to be noticed.

Microsoft is currently working on a permanent fix for these slower copying speed issues. There’s currently no solution for people experiencing slow speeds when copying local files, though users copying files from a remote PC via SMB can use robocopy or xcopy with the /J (unbuffered IO) parameter as a workaround.

There’s currently no ETA for a fix, though Pyle said that he’s working with another team to fully understand the problem. Last week, Microsoft acknowledged a compatibility issue with some printers drivers and Windows 11 version 22H2, and the company has put an upgrade block in place until the compatibility issue gets fixed.
https://www.thurrott.com/windows/274218 ... rsion-22h2


Are there any Pros/Cons to the /j Robocopy option (unbuffered copying)
Unbuffered I/O is a simple file copy from a source location to a destination location. Buffered I/O augments the simple copy to optimize for future reads of (and writes to) the same file by copying the file into the filesystem cache, which is a region of virtual memory. Buffered I/O incurs a performance penalty the first time the file is accessed because it has to copy the file into memory; however, because memory access is faster than disk access, subsequent file access should be faster. The operating system takes care of synchronizing file writes back to disk, and reads can be pulled directly from memory.

The usage note mentions large files vis-à-vis buffered I/O because:

1. The up-front cost is expensive. The performance penalty with buffered I/O is substantially worse for large files.

2. You get little in return. Large file blocks don't tend to stay in the cache for very long anyway, unless you have a ton of memory relative to the file size.

3. It may not avoid disk I/O. Reads and write of large file data blocks increase the probability of requiring disk I/O.

4. You probably don't need to buffer anyway. Large files tend to be less frequently accessed in practice than smaller files.

So there is a tradeoff, but which is appropriate for you depends on your particular case. If you are zipping up a bunch of files and transmitting the zip to a backup target, unbuffered is the way to go. Copying a bunch of files that were just changed? Buffered should be faster.

Finally, note that file size is not the only factor in deciding between buffered and unbuffered. As with any cache, the filesystem cache is faster but smaller than the source behind it. It requires a cache replacement strategy that governs when to evict items to make room for new items. It loses its benefit when frequently-accessed items get evicted. For example, if you are synchronizing user home directories intraday to a separate location (i.e., while users are actively using the files), buffered I/O would benefit from files already resident in the cache, but may temporarily pollute the cache with stale files; on the other hand, unbuffered would forego any benefit of files already cached. No clear winner in such a case.

Note: this also applies to xcopy /J

https://superuser.com/questions/1114311 ... ed-copying


i believe i also have this windows 11 issue.

qnap ts-877 to desktop the 2.5gbe speeds seem alright.

but when you try to do it from desktop windows 11 to ts-877, it doesn't maintain a solid 2.5gbe, it will often dip down to 1gbe then maybe bounce up again back and forth.

when i run openspeedtest i setup on docker hosted on nas using the same pc, it showed no issues there.


that's my experience with 2.5gbe for the past year or so.


*update


Microsoft finally fixes Windows 11 slow file copy issues over SMB
March 12, 2023
Microsoft has finally addressed a known issue causing significant performance hits when copying large files over SMB after installing the Windows 11 2022 update.

The bug was fixed with the KB5022913 February 2023 non-security preview update released on February 2022, which also introduced newly announced Moment 2 features.


"This update addresses an issue that affects copying from a network to a local drive. Copying is slower than expected for some users," Microsoft said.

The fix comes after Microsoft's Ned Pyle explained in October that "there is a performance reduction in 22H2 when copying larger files from a remote computer down to a Windows 11 computer or when copying files on a local drive."

While Redmond did not share details on the actual performance decrease, according to user reports, the time needed for file operations on affected systems could more than double in some conditions.

"You are more likely to experience this issue copying files to Windows 11, version 22H2 from a network share via Server Message Block (SMB) but local file copy might also be affected," Microsoft added in a September update to the KB5017389 preview update support document.

Two months later, in November, the company began testing a fix that rolled out to some systems enrolled in the Windows Insider program running Windows 11 Preview Build 25252.
https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/m ... -over-smb/

noelprg4 - 1 week ago

nope. Microsoft did NOT fix the slow file copy problems over SMB, at least not 100%. it was only fixed "part way" or "partially" and not completely

If the problem was truly fixed for good, then why does Microsoft continue to list the copy slowdown problem in the "known issues in this update" section for the March 2023 updates like KB5023706 and KB5023778?
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5023778
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5023706

so the copy problem still continues for some Win11 22H2 users, even with these newer March updates installed. so the problem is NOT completely fixed, forum11 & Tanya
:(
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[Main Server] QNAP TS-877 (QTS) w. 4tb [ 3x HGST Deskstar NAS & 1x WD RED NAS ] EXT4 Raid5 & 2 x m.2 SATA Samsung 850 Evo raid1 +16gb ddr4 Crucial+ QWA-AC2600 wireless+QXP PCIE
[Backup] QNAP TS-653A (Truenas Core) w. 4x 2TB Samsung F3 (HD203WI) RaidZ1 ZFS + 8gb ddr3 Crucial
[^] QNAP TL-D400S 2x 4TB WD Red Nas (WD40EFRX) 2x 4TB Seagate Ironwolf, Raid5
[^] QNAP TS-509 Pro w. 4x 1TB WD RE3 (WD1002FBYS) EXT4 Raid5
[^] QNAP TS-253D (Truenas Scale)
[Mobile NAS] TBS-453DX w. 2x Crucial MX500 500gb EXT4 raid1

Network
Qotom Pfsense|100mbps FTTH | Win11, Ryzen 5600X Desktop (1x2tb Crucial P50 Plus M.2 SSD, 1x 8tb seagate Ironwolf,1x 4tb HGST Ultrastar 7K4000)


Resources
[Review] Moogle's QNAP experience
[Review] Moogle's TS-877 review
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